Country Profile on AI Governance: Ghana

Mean of all 10 indicator scores. West Africa mean 1.70 · all 54 states mean 1.76.

1. S1.1

   National AI strategy existence

   Score 3 / 4

   Ghana's National AI Strategy (2025–2035) was officially launched by President John Mahama on 24 April 2026 in Accra. The strategy is formally adopted with implementation underway.

   Note: Earlier drafts circulated as '2023–2033' strategy; the formally launched version is titled 2025–2035

   Sources ghanaweb.com (opens in a new tab)

2. S1.2

   Strategy adoption date

   Score 1 / 4

   National AI Strategy formally launched by President Mahama on 24 April 2026 in Accra.

   Note: 2025-04

   Scoring basis Threshold applied. Adopted 2026-04: 2 months before 2026-06-30.

   Sources ghanafact.com (opens in a new tab)

3. S1.3

   Political commitment signals

   Score 4 / 4

   President John Mahama personally launched the strategy; Minister Samuel Nartey George (MP, Ministry of Communications, Digital Technology and Innovation) led the process. Presidential directive issued for nationwide AI adoption by 2026.

   Note: High-level political ownership at presidential and ministerial level

   Sources moc.gov.gh (opens in a new tab)

4. S1.4

   Dedicated AI budget allocation

   Score 3 / 4

   National AI Fund of GH¢5 billion (2025–2030) committed, scaling to GH¢15 billion (2030–2035). $250 million allocated for AI computing centre. $20 million for short/medium-term rollout.

   Note: Multi-year allocation exists but disbursement mechanisms still being established

   Sources ghanafact.com (opens in a new tab)

5. S1.5

   AU Continental AI Strategy alignment

   Score 3 / 4

   Ghana's AI strategy explicitly references alignment with AU Continental AI Strategy and UNESCO ethical AI principles. International collaboration with UNESCO and British High Commission documented.

   Note: Partial-to-full alignment; formal AU alignment process ongoing

   Sources regulations.ai (opens in a new tab)

6. S1.6

   Multi-stakeholder consultation

   Score 3 / 4

   Stakeholder Consultation Forum held prior to launch. Ministry engaged academia (KNUST led by Prof. Kponyo), private sector, civil society, and international partners in strategy development.

   Note: Formal consultation conducted; ongoing mechanism not yet codified

   Sources moc.gov.gh (opens in a new tab)

7. S1.7

   Sector prioritisation

   Score 4 / 4

   Strategy identifies eight priority sectors: health, education, agriculture, transportation, public administration, financial services, environment/circular economy, and defence/border security. Each sector has specific use cases and targets.

   Note: Sector roadmaps included in the 84-page strategy document

   Sources dig.watch (opens in a new tab)

8. S1.8

   Implementation roadmap

   Score 3 / 4

   Strategy includes phased implementation plan: 2025–2030 (Phase 1-foundational infrustructure), and 2030–2035 (Phase 2- commercilisation), with GDP and investment milestones. A Responsible AI (RAI) Office is proposed to coordinate implementation.

   Note: Milestones exist; accountability mechanisms still being operationalised

   Sources dig.watch (opens in a new tab)

9. S1.9

   Monitoring and evaluation framework

   Score 2 / 4

   RAI Office proposed to monitor strategy implementation. M&E framework planned but not yet formally established or publicly reporting.

   Note: Planned M&E; active reporting not yet initiated

   Sources dig.watch (opens in a new tab)

10. S1.10

    Strategy review mechanism

    Score 2 / 4

    Strategy covers a 10-year horizon (2025–2035) with two-phase structure suggesting built-in review points. No formal adaptive governance mechanism codified yet.

    Note: Ad hoc review likely; scheduled mechanism not yet formalised

    Sources modernghana.com (opens in a new tab)

Mean of all 10 indicator scores. West Africa mean 1.18 · all 54 states mean 1.32.

1. G2.1

   AI-specific legislation

   Score 2 / 4

   Emerging Technologies Bill 2025 drafted to regulate AI, blockchain, and robotics. Data Protection Bill 2025 also in draft. No enacted AI-specific legislation yet. Cyber Security Act 2020 (Act 1038) covers AI systems within 'digital ecosystem' definition.

   Note: Bills in draft stage; enactment expected 2026

   Sources iclg.com (opens in a new tab)

2. G2.2

   Data protection law status

   Score 3 / 4

   Data Protection Act 2012 (Act 843) is enacted. Data Protection Bill 2025 drafted to upgrade framework. Data Protection Commission (DPC) is operational.

   Note: DPA operational but enforcement capacity limited

   Sources oakslegal.net (opens in a new tab)

3. G2.3

   DPA AI mandate

   Score 2 / 4

   Data Protection Commission exists under Act 843. No explicit AI oversight mandate; however, DPC has engaged informally on AI issues. New Data Protection Bill 2025 proposes enhanced authority but not yet enacted.

   Note: Informal AI engagement noted; formal mandate pending new legislation

   Sources digitalpolicyalert.org (opens in a new tab)

4. G2.4

   DPA staffing and budget

   Score 2 / 4

   DPC staffing and budget not publicly disclosed in detail. Budget funded from state appropriations. Staff numbers estimated at under 50 FTE.

   Note: Exact figures not publicly available as of June 2026

   Scoring basis Fellow score kept; no raw value for the threshold.

   Sources dataprotection.africa (opens in a new tab)

5. G2.5

   AI regulatory body existence

   Score 2 / 4

   Responsible AI (RAI) Office proposed in National AI Strategy but not yet established. Ministry of Communications, Digital Technology and Innovation serves as de facto AI governance lead.

   Note: Proposed; not yet operational

   Sources dig.watch (opens in a new tab)

6. G2.6

   Institutional design model

   Score 2 / 4

   Hybrid model: DPA-led for data/privacy; sector regulators (Bank of Ghana, NCA, CSA) handle respective domains; Emerging Technologies Agency proposed under new bill.

   Note: No single AI body yet; fragmented co-regulatory approach

   Sources dataguidance.com (opens in a new tab)

7. G2.7

   Malabo Convention ratification

   Score 4 / 4

   Ghana signed the Malabo Convention on 04 July 2017 and ratified it on 13 May 2019 (effective 03 June 2019). Ghana is a full ratifier.

   Note: One of only 16 African states to have ratified the convention

   Sources en.wikipedia.org (opens in a new tab)

8. G2.8

   Enforcement actions taken

   Score 1 / 4

   No documented AI-specific enforcement actions. DPC has conducted general data protection investigations. Emerging Technologies Bill not yet enacted.

   Note: Investigation capacity exists but no AI-specific actions documented

   Sources digitalpolicyalert.org (opens in a new tab)

9. G2.9

   Extraterritorial provisions

   Score 1 / 4

   No comprehensive extraterritorial provisions for AI. Data Protection Act has limited cross-border provisions. Emerging Technologies Bill 2025 may include provisions.

   Note: Under consideration in pending legislation

   Sources digitalpolicyalert.org (opens in a new tab)

10. G2.10

    IP framework for AI

    Score 2 / 4

    IP framework review not formally completed for AI-generated content. Emerging Technologies Bill touches on IP aspects. Amendments drafted but not yet enacted.

    Note: Amendments under consideration in multiple pending bills

    Sources dataguidance.com (opens in a new tab)

Mean of the 9 scored indicators; 1 carries no score. West Africa mean 1.40 · all 54 states mean 1.51.

No score: 1 context only.

1. I3.1

   Data center count

   Score 3 / 4

   Ghana hosts the only Tier IV data centre in West Africa, plus multiple Tier III facilities. Major operators include Vodafone Ghana, Rack Centre (Equinix), and CSquared.

   Note: Approx. 5–8 commercial data centres; exact count varies by classification

   Scoring basis Threshold applied. Raw value: 6.5 (data centres).

   Sources adomonline.com (opens in a new tab)

2. I3.2

   Data center capacity (MW)

   Score 3 / 4

   Tier IV facility estimated at 10 MW; total national data centre capacity estimated at 20–30 MW. Expansion underway.

   Note: Exact total MW not publicly reported

   Scoring basis Threshold applied. Raw value: 25 (MW).

   Sources trade.gov (opens in a new tab)

3. I3.3

   Submarine cable landing points

   Score 3 / 4

   Ghana has multiple submarine cable landing points including SAT-3/WASC, MainOne, ACE, and WACS at Accra/Tema.

   Note: 4 major cable systems landing; more planned

   Scoring basis Threshold applied. 6 cable systems (TeleGeography, accessed 2026-10-06).

   Sources ts2.tech (opens in a new tab)

4. I3.4

   International bandwidth (Gbps)

   Score 3 / 4

   Total international bandwidth has expanded significantly. Ghana ranks 15/47 African countries in ITU ICT Development Index 2024.

   Note: Exact Gbps figure not publicly available; substantial capacity

   Scoring basis Fellow score kept; no raw value for the threshold.

   Sources trade.gov (opens in a new tab)

5. I3.5

   Hyperscaler presence

   Score 2 / 4

   AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud have regional/PoP infrastructure serving Ghana but no full local zones declared as of mid-2026. Local cloud providers (e.g. Liquid Intelligent Technologies) are present.

   Note: 1–2 hyperscalers with partial infrastructure; full local zones pending

   Sources trade.gov (opens in a new tab)

6. I3.6

   GPU/HPC access

   Score 2 / 4

   KNUST Responsible AI Lab and University of Ghana's computer science departments have limited GPU capacity. Commercial GPU access limited. National AI computing centre ($250m) announced but not yet built.

   Note: Academic access only; no national HPC facility yet

   Sources ecofinagency.com (opens in a new tab)

7. I3.7

   Data localisation provisions

   Score 2 / 4

   No general data localisation law. In June 2024, Minister for Communications announced plans for government data localisation. Sectoral requirements exist in banking/finance.

   Note: Sectoral provisions only; general framework announced but not legislated

   Sources digitalpolicyalert.org (opens in a new tab)

8. I3.8

   Cross-border data flow framework

   Score 2 / 4

   Data Protection Act 2012 requires controllers to disclose transfer destinations and obtain consent. No comprehensive bilateral or multilateral framework. ECOWAS Supplementary Act on Personal Data provides regional framework.

   Note: Regional ECOWAS framework applies; comprehensive bilateral agreements lacking

   Sources digitalpolicyalert.org (opens in a new tab)

9. I3.9

   Foreign AI surveillance spending

   ○Context only: Context flag outside the score

   No confirmed spending on foreign AI surveillance systems publicly documented. CSA monitors cybersecurity threats. Some procurement of surveillance technology exists but AI-specific spending unknown.

   Note: Unknown/unconfirmed; no public disclosure

   Scoring basis Context flag; outside the score.

   Sources freedomhouse.org (opens in a new tab)

10. I3.10

    Sovereign cloud initiatives

    Score 1 / 4

    No operational sovereign cloud. Government data localisation plans announced June 2024. National AI Strategy includes $250 million for AI computing centre, planned but not yet operational.

    Note: Planned; procurement/construction not yet initiated

    Sources ecofinagency.com (opens in a new tab)

Mean of all 10 indicator scores. West Africa mean 1.14 · all 54 states mean 1.20.

1. H4.1

   AI researchers per million

   Score 4 / 4

   No official national count. Estimated 50–150 active AI/ML researchers in academia and industry per million population (Ghana pop 35m). KNUST, University of Ghana, and Ashesi University are primary research hubs.

   Note: Estimated 100/million; no official survey conducted

   Scoring basis Threshold applied. Raw value: 100 (AI researchers per million).

   Sources ecofinagency.com (opens in a new tab)

2. H4.2

   DPA staff with AI competency

   Score 1 / 4

   DPC staff with AI technical competency estimated at 1–3 individuals. New Data Protection Bill 2025 seeks to build authority capacity.

   Note: Very limited; capacity building needed

   Scoring basis Threshold applied. Raw value: 2 (staff).

   Sources dataprotection.africa (opens in a new tab)

3. H4.3

   University AI programs

   Score 3 / 4

   KNUST, University of Ghana, Ashesi University, GIMPA, and University of Professional Studies Accra offer AI/ML degree or certificate programmes. At least 5–8 universities offer relevant programmes.

   Note: Growing; specific count 5–8 universities

   Scoring basis Threshold applied. Raw value: 6.5 (universities).

   Sources ecofinagency.com (opens in a new tab)

4. H4.4

   African-authored AI publications

   Score 3 / 4

   Ghana Natural Language Processing (NLP) group and KNUST Responsible AI Lab publish. Annual publications estimated at 50–150 AI-related papers with at least one Ghana-affiliated author.

   Note: Growing output; exact annual count not centrally tracked

   Scoring basis Threshold applied. 239.3 papers/yr ÷ 34.43m people = 6.95 per million (floors applied).

   Sources techlabari.com (opens in a new tab)

5. H4.5

   AI patents filed

   Score 1 / 4

   Few AI-related patents filed domestically annually. Ghana's IP office capacity for AI patents is limited. Estimated <10 AI patents per year.

   Note: Nascent patent culture for AI; most innovations not formally patented

   Scoring basis Fellow score kept; no raw value for the threshold.

   Sources regulations.ai (opens in a new tab)

6. H4.6

   K-12 CS education

   Score 2 / 4

   Computer science and ICT are part of national curriculum but not mandatory nationwide. Coding/ICT integrated in some schools through Digital Ghana Agenda. One Million Coders Program targets youth.

   Note: Elective/integrated in some grades; not mandatory nationwide

   Sources moc.gov.gh (opens in a new tab)

7. H4.7

   AI workforce training programs

   Score 3 / 4

   One Million Coders Program actively enrolling. Ghana Tech Lab, MEST, and government-affiliated programmes provide AI/data skills training. National AI Strategy commits to workforce development.

   Note: Multiple programmes at scale; coordination under RAI Office planned

   Sources moc.gov.gh (opens in a new tab)

8. H4.8

   Labour transition policy

   Score 2 / 4

   No formally adopted national labour transition policy specific to AI. National AI Strategy references job creation and displacement risks. Ministry of Employment not yet engaged with AI-specific framework.

   Note: Under discussion within AI Strategy process; no standalone adopted policy

   Sources myjoyonline.com (opens in a new tab)

9. H4.9

   Informal economy AI assessment

   Score 2 / 4

   National AI Strategy 2025–2035 acknowledges AI impact on informal economy and job displacement risks. No dedicated government impact assessment study published yet.

   Note: Acknowledged in strategy; formal assessment study planned but not conducted

   Sources myjoyonline.com (opens in a new tab)

10. H4.10

    African language NLP coverage

    Score 2 / 4

    Ghana NLP group covers Twi, Ga, Ewe, Hausa, and Dagbani. Aya Data and Masakhane collaborations expand coverage. At least 5 Ghanaian languages have meaningful NLP/LLM support.

    Note: Approximately 5 domestic languages with NLP coverage; growing

    Scoring basis Threshold applied. Raw value: 4 of 9 (languages supported / major languages), normalised 44.4. 44% of major domestic languages. Raw value read from the evidence: "Ghana NLP group covers Twi, Ga, Ewe, Hausa, and Dagbani." [Twi (Akan), Ga, Ewe, Dagbani counted; Hausa is not a government-sponsored language; denominator (my. Checked against the evidence on 7 October 2026: confirmed.

    Sources techlabari.com (opens in a new tab)

Mean of all 10 indicator scores. West Africa mean 1.04 · all 54 states mean 1.05.

1. N5.1

   AI companies count

   Score 3 / 4

   Notable AI companies include Mino Health, Aya Data, Ghana NLP, mPharma, Farmerline, AgroCenta, and numerous fintech firms using AI. Estimated 50–150 AI-focused or AI-using companies operational.

   Note: Exact count unavailable; ecosystem growing rapidly

   Scoring basis Threshold applied. Raw value: 100 (companies).

   Sources techlabari.com (opens in a new tab)

2. N5.2

   Private AI investment (USD)

   Score 3 / 4

   Ghanaian startups raised $450 million in 2024 (65% YoY increase). AI share estimated at 10–15% of total. Aya Data raised $900,000 in dedicated AI investment.

   Note: AI-specific investment subset of total; growing but not dominant yet

   Scoring basis Threshold applied. Raw value: 56250000 (USD/year). Raw value read from the evidence: "Ghanaian startups raised $450 million in 2024 (65% YoY increase). AI share estimated at 10–15% of total." [derived: 12.5% (midpoint) x $450M; Aya Data alone $9. Listed for second-edition review: The raw value applies an estimated AI share of 10 to 15% to total startup funding. No AI-specific figure is published.

   Sources statsandmarketinsights.com (opens in a new tab)

3. N5.3

   AI incubators/accelerators

   Score 3 / 4

   MEST Africa, Ghana Tech Lab, Impact Hub Accra, iSpace, and Meltwater are leading AI-friendly incubators/accelerators. At least 5–8 AI-focused or AI-relevant programmes.

   Note: Several active programmes; not all AI-exclusive

   Scoring basis Fellow score kept; no raw value for the threshold.

   Sources techlabari.com (opens in a new tab)

4. N5.4

   Regulatory sandbox (AI)

   Score 2 / 4

   No AI-specific regulatory sandbox. Bank of Ghana operates a fintech regulatory sandbox that covers AI-enabled financial products. Emerging Technologies Agency proposed under draft bill.

   Note: Fintech sandbox active; AI-specific sandbox planned in Emerging Technologies Bill

   Sources iclg.com (opens in a new tab)

5. N5.5

   Government AI procurement

   Score 2 / 4

   Government AI procurement exists informally. National AI Strategy signals preference for domestic solutions. No formal domestic preference procurement policy yet enacted.

   Note: Ad hoc procurement; formal framework under development

   Sources moc.gov.gh (opens in a new tab)

6. N5.6

   AI safety evaluation capacity

   Score 2 / 4

   KNUST Responsible AI Lab conducts safety research. No government-accredited AI safety evaluation facility yet. Academic research capacity present.

   Note: Academic-level safety research; no accredited government facility

   Sources ecofinagency.com (opens in a new tab)

7. N5.7

   ISO/IEC 42001 adoption

   Score 1 / 4

   No widespread ISO/IEC 42001 adoption documented. Some awareness among larger corporates and multinationals operating in Ghana.

   Note: Awareness level; pilot adoption not confirmed

   Sources regulations.ai (opens in a new tab)

8. N5.8

   Standards body AI competency

   Score 2 / 4

   Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) exists. AI-specific technical committee not yet established but Digital Economy Policy 2024 signals intent to develop standards.

   Note: Standards body exists; AI working group not yet formalised

   Sources regulations.ai (opens in a new tab)

9. N5.9

   AI risk assessment frameworks

   Score 2 / 4

   National AI Strategy includes risk assessment considerations. Bank of Ghana issues guidance on AI in fintech. No cross-sector mandatory framework yet.

   Note: Voluntary and sector-specific guidelines emerging

   Sources iclg.com (opens in a new tab)

10. N5.10

    University-industry AI partnerships

    Score 3 / 4

    KNUST-industry partnerships active (e.g., with MTN, Vodafone Ghana). Responsible AI Lab collaborates with international partners. Ashesi University has corporate partnerships. Multiple formal MoUs documented.

    Note: Formal MoUs and joint programmes established

    Sources ecofinagency.com (opens in a new tab)

Mean of all 10 indicator scores. West Africa mean 1.21 · all 54 states mean 1.26.

1. E6.1

   Algorithmic impact assessment

   Score 1 / 4

   No mandatory algorithmic impact assessments. National AI Strategy 2025–2035 recommends them. Emerging Technologies Bill may include provisions.

   Note: Voluntary guidelines mentioned in strategy; not mandatory

   Sources regulations.ai (opens in a new tab)

2. E6.2

   Bias audit requirements

   Score 1 / 4

   No bias audit requirements. National AI Strategy acknowledges algorithmic bias risks (especially for healthcare AI trained on non-Ghanaian data). Voluntary guidance only.

   Note: Risk acknowledged; mandatory requirements not yet established

   Sources myjoyonline.com (opens in a new tab)

3. E6.3

   Transparency obligations

   Score 2 / 4

   National AI Strategy requires safe and transparent AI development. Emerging Technologies Bill includes transparency provisions for AI, blockchain, IoT. Sector-specific guidance from Bank of Ghana exists.

   Note: Sector-specific and voluntary transparency requirements; no cross-sector mandate

   Sources regulations.ai (opens in a new tab)

4. E6.4

   Citizen redress mechanism

   Score 2 / 4

   Citizens can file complaints with DPC under Data Protection Act. No dedicated AI complaint channel. Emerging Technologies Agency would handle AI grievances once established.

   Note: DPC complaint mechanism exists; no AI-specific channel yet

   Sources digitalpolicyalert.org (opens in a new tab)

5. E6.5

   Judicial AI remedy

   Score 2 / 4

   Ghanaian courts can hear cases involving digital harms under existing law. No specialist AI tribunal. Emerging case law developing.

   Note: Existing jurisdiction applies; no specialist tribunal

   Sources dataguidance.com (opens in a new tab)

6. E6.6

   AI advisory body diversity

   Score 2 / 4

   National AI Strategy stakeholder consultations included diverse representation. However, formal diversity requirements for advisory bodies not yet codified. RAI Office composition not specified.

   Note: Some diversity in consultations; formal diversity requirements lacking

   Sources moc.gov.gh (opens in a new tab)

7. E6.7

   Global AI governance participation

   Score 3 / 4

   Ghana actively participates in UNESCO AI governance processes, AU Continental AI Strategy, and has conducted study tours to benchmark global frameworks. Ministry of Communications leads engagement.

   Note: Active participant; no formal leadership role yet

   Sources babl.ai (opens in a new tab)

8. E6.8

   Civil society AI engagement

   Score 2 / 4

   Stakeholder Consultation Forum held during strategy development. Civil society organisations consulted. No ongoing formal advisory mechanism established yet.

   Note: Formal consultation during strategy development; ongoing mechanism not codified

   Sources moc.gov.gh (opens in a new tab)

9. E6.9

   African ethical framework reference

   Score 2 / 4

   National AI Strategy references inclusive growth and digital sovereignty as African values. Ubuntu-style principles not explicitly named but inclusive/human-centred framing present throughout.

   Note: African values substantively referenced; Ubuntu not explicitly named

   Sources moc.gov.gh (opens in a new tab)

10. E6.10

    Youth participation

    Score 2 / 4

    One Million Coders Program explicitly targets youth. Girls-in-ICT program provides gender-focused pathways. No formal decision-making role for youth in AI governance yet.

    Note: Youth programmes active; advisory/decision role not formalised

    Sources moc.gov.gh (opens in a new tab)

Mean of all 10 indicator scores. West Africa mean 1.66 · all 54 states mean 1.55.

1. R7.1

   AU AI Strategy alignment

   Score 3 / 4

   Ghana's National AI Strategy explicitly references AU Continental AI Strategy alignment. UNESCO collaboration formalised. Alignment process is active.

   Note: Alignment process active; formal certification of full alignment pending

   Sources regulations.ai (opens in a new tab)

2. R7.2

   Kigali Declaration endorsement

   Score 3 / 4

   No specific reference to Kigali AI Declaration endorsement found. Ghana attends AU summits. Kigali Declaration (AI-specific) status unconfirmed.

   Note: Requires verification with Ministry of Communications

   Scoring basis Official signatory list applied. Signatory of the Africa Declaration on AI (Kigali, 4 April 2025), C4IR list: "Endorsed" = 3.

   Sources c4ir.rw (opens in a new tab)

3. R7.3

   REC AI governance coordination

   Score 3 / 4

   Ghana is active in ECOWAS AI/digital governance coordination. ECOWAS Supplementary Act on Personal Data applies. Ghana hosted AU Mid-Year Coordination Meeting in Accra in July 2024.

   Note: Active ECOWAS participant; digital governance coordination growing

   Sources mofep.gov.gh (opens in a new tab)

4. R7.4

   Cross-border AI agreements

   Score 2 / 4

   No dedicated bilateral AI governance agreements documented. Digital economy cooperation exists with UK, EU, and US. UNESCO MoU on AI governance in place.

   Note: Bilateral digital/tech agreements exist; AI-specific agreements limited

   Sources babl.ai (opens in a new tab)

5. R7.5

   Election integrity AI provisions

   Score 2 / 4

   Cyber Security Act 2020 and National Cybersecurity Policy 2024 address some election integrity concerns. Specific AI-in-elections provisions not yet enacted. CSA issued guidance ahead of 2024 elections.

   Note: CSA guidance issued; dedicated AI/elections legislation not yet in place

   Sources en.wikipedia.org (opens in a new tab)

6. R7.6

   Disinformation response framework

   Score 2 / 4

   Cyber Security Authority (CSA) has institutional framework for disinformation response. National Cybersecurity Policy 2024 includes provisions. No dedicated AI-disinformation legislation yet.

   Note: Institutional framework exists; AI-specific legislative framework not yet enacted

   Sources en.wikipedia.org (opens in a new tab)

7. R7.7

   AI election incidents documented

   Score 1 / 4

   No documented AI-related election interference incidents in Ghana's 2024 general elections. CSA monitored digital threats. Electoral Commission engaged on misinformation.

   Note: No confirmed incidents; monitoring conducted

   Scoring basis Threshold applied. Raw value: 1 (rule band). Scored on documented institutional response, not incident count.

   Sources en.wikipedia.org (opens in a new tab)

8. R7.8

   Platform content moderation

   Score 2 / 4

   National Communications Authority (NCA) engages with platforms on content moderation. No formal AI-specific content moderation requirements for platforms operating in Ghana.

   Note: Informal dialogue stage; formal requirements not established

   Sources dataguidance.com (opens in a new tab)

9. R7.9

   Geneva Dialogue participation

   Score 2 / 4

   Ghana Ministry of Communications has participated in UN-level digital governance discussions. Planned participation in July 2026 Geneva Dialogue not confirmed.

   Note: Active internationally; specific Geneva Dialogue participation unconfirmed

   Sources babl.ai (opens in a new tab)

10. R7.10

    G20/multilateral AI engagement

    Score 2 / 4

    Ghana participates in Commonwealth digital forums and engages bilaterally with UK, US, and EU on AI. Not a G20 member but engages through AU and ECOWAS channels.

    Note: Observer/participant through AU/ECOWAS multilateral channels

    Sources babl.ai (opens in a new tab)

Mean of all 10 indicator scores. West Africa mean 0.63 · all 54 states mean 0.78.

1. M8.1

   AI governance budget disbursed

   Score 1 / 4

   National AI Fund of GH¢5 billion committed but disbursement mechanisms not yet established. $250m AI computing centre in procurement phase. No independently verified disbursement figures available as of June 2026.

   Note: Committed but not yet disbursed; fund establishment underway

   Scoring basis Fellow score kept; no raw value for the threshold.

   Sources ghanafact.com (opens in a new tab)

2. M8.2

   Health AI regulation

   Score 2 / 4

   No AI-specific health regulation enacted. National AI Strategy identifies healthcare as priority sector. Ghana Health Service and Food and Drugs Authority not yet issued AI guidance.

   Note: Under discussion; mPharma and other healthtech firms operating under general framework

   Sources regulations.ai (opens in a new tab)

3. M8.3

   Health AI devices approved

   Score 1 / 4

   No formal AI health device approval framework. Food and Drugs Authority (FDA Ghana) regulates medical devices under general framework but no AI-specific pathway.

   Note: Nascent; general FDA framework applies

   Scoring basis Fellow score kept; no raw value for the threshold.

   Sources regulations.ai (opens in a new tab)

4. M8.4

   Government AI system registry

   Score 1 / 4

   No government registry of AI systems in use. National AI Strategy proposes governance mechanisms but registry not yet established.

   Note: Planned; not yet operational

   Sources dig.watch (opens in a new tab)

5. M8.5

   AI governance M&E reports

   Score 0 / 4

   National AI Strategy 2025–2035 is the primary governance document; no published M&E reports on implementation outcomes yet. Strategy launched April 2026.

   Note: No M&E reports yet; strategy too recently launched

   Scoring basis Threshold applied. Raw value: 0 (reports).

   Sources moc.gov.gh (opens in a new tab)

6. M8.6

   Agriculture AI governance

   Score 2 / 4

   National AI Strategy identifies agriculture as a key sector (crop health prediction, supply chain, climate resilience). Farmerline and AgroCenta operating. No sector-specific AI agriculture legislation.

   Note: Under discussion within AI strategy; no enacted guidelines yet

   Sources statsandmarketinsights.com (opens in a new tab)

7. M8.7

   Financial services AI governance

   Score 3 / 4

   Bank of Ghana's Fintech sandbox regulates AI-enabled financial services. Digital Financial Services Policy provides framework. Cyber Security Act covers AI in financial digital ecosystem. Enforcement actions taken against non-compliant fintechs.

   Note: Most developed sector-specific AI governance in Ghana

   Sources iclg.com (opens in a new tab)

8. M8.8

   Education AI governance

   Score 2 / 4

   Ministry of Education has not formally adopted an AI in Education policy. National AI Strategy references personalised learning use cases. One Million Coders Program addresses digital skills.

   Note: Under discussion; no adopted education AI policy

   Sources moc.gov.gh (opens in a new tab)

9. M8.9

   Measurable governance outcomes

   Score 2 / 4

   Documented AI deployments: Farmerline (150,000+ farmers), mPharma (medicine access), Mino Health (diagnostics), Ghana Revenue Authority (fraud detection). Outcomes anecdotal rather than systematic.

   Note: Positive outcomes documented case-by-case; systematic governance tracking not yet in place

   Sources techlabari.com (opens in a new tab)

10. M8.10

    WHO AI health guidance adoption

    Score 2 / 4

    Ghana's National AI Strategy references WHO-aligned ethical principles including non-discrimination, transparency, and human agency. No formal instrument confirming adoption of WHO Ethics and Governance of AI for Health guidance.

    Note: Alignment process underway; formal adoption not yet documented

    Sources dig.watch (opens in a new tab)