Africa AI Governance Index 2026 · Country profile on AI governance

Country Profile on AI Governance: Mozambique

Mozambique scores 0.96 out of 4 on the Africa AI Governance Index 2026. It sits in the Nascent tier and ranks 34 of 54 states.

Region
Southern Africa
Version
1.2 · 7 October 2026
Evidence reference date
30 June 2026
Overview

Mozambique at a glance

How to read this profile

Indicator evidence in this factsheet comes from desk research in October 2026. Fellows have not verified it and it did not inform the score.

The Index is diagnostic. It measures formal governance instruments, not capability. Composite differences under about 0.1 are not meaningful.

Country

Population (2024)
34.6 million
Region
Southern Africa
Regional economic communities
Southern African Development Community
Geography
Coastal, 4 international submarine cable systems in service

Governance status

  • National AI strategy S1.1

    Draftnot scored

  • Data protection law G2.2

    Draftnot scored

  • AI regulatory body G2.5

    Establishednot scored

  • Malabo Convention ratification G2.7

    Ratifiednot scored

  • Kigali Declaration endorsement R7.2

    Endorsednot scored

Headline assessment

Mozambique scores 0.96 out of 4 on the Africa AI Governance Index 2026. It sits in the Nascent tier and ranks 34 of 54 states. The eight pillar scores are fellow-assigned values from the Regional Summary. Indicators are not scored individually. The strongest pillar is Strategy & Vision (1.60). The weakest is Implementation & Impact (0.30). The Southern Africa mean is 1.49. The mean for all 54 states is 1.33.

Strongest pillar
Strategy & Vision1.60 / 4Emerging
Weakest pillar
Implementation & Impact0.30 / 4Nascent

Indicators scored: Pillar level only (fellow-assigned)

Pillar scores

Pillar scores at a glance

Each pillar is scored from 0 to 4. Mozambique's eight pillar scores are fellow-assigned values; indicators are not scored individually.

Bar chart of Mozambique's eight pillar scores out of 4, compared with the Southern Africa mean and the mean of all 54 states. The same figures are listed beside each bar and in the table below.
  • Mozambique score
  • Southern Africa mean
  • All 54 states mean
  1. P1Strategy & Vision
    1.60Emerging

    Southern Africa: 2.04
    All 54 states: 1.76

  2. P2Governance & Regulation
    1.10Emerging

    Southern Africa: 1.43
    All 54 states: 1.32

  3. P3Infrastructure & Data
    1.00Emerging

    Southern Africa: 1.77
    All 54 states: 1.51

  4. P4Human Capital
    0.80Nascent

    Southern Africa: 1.40
    All 54 states: 1.20

  5. P5Innovation & Ecosystem
    0.50Nascent

    Southern Africa: 1.16
    All 54 states: 1.05

  6. P6Ethics & Inclusion
    1.00Emerging

    Southern Africa: 1.48
    All 54 states: 1.26

  7. P7Regional Integration
    1.00Emerging

    Southern Africa: 1.62
    All 54 states: 1.55

  8. P8Implementation & Impact
    0.30Nascent

    Southern Africa: 0.70
    All 54 states: 0.78

  9. Composite (weighted)
    0.96Nascent

    Southern Africa: 1.49
    All 54 states: 1.33

View the pillar scores as a table
Mozambique pillar scores on the Africa AI Governance Index 2026
PillarBasisWeightScore (0–4)MaturitySouthern Africa meanAfrica mean
P1 Strategy & VisionFellow-assigned15%1.60Emerging2.041.76
P2 Governance & RegulationFellow-assigned15%1.10Emerging1.431.32
P3 Infrastructure & DataFellow-assigned15%1.00Emerging1.771.51
P4 Human CapitalFellow-assigned15%0.80Nascent1.401.20
P5 Innovation & EcosystemFellow-assigned10%0.50Nascent1.161.05
P6 Ethics & InclusionFellow-assigned10%1.00Emerging1.481.26
P7 Regional IntegrationFellow-assigned10%1.00Emerging1.621.55
P8 Implementation & ImpactFellow-assigned10%0.30Nascent0.700.78
Composite (weighted)—100%0.96Nascent1.491.33
Country report

What the scores say about Mozambique

Mozambique scores 0.96 out of 4 on the Africa AI Governance Index 2026, which places it in the Nascent tier at rank 34 of 54. The eight pillar scores are fellow-assigned values from the Regional Summary, and indicators are not scored. Strategy and Vision is the strongest pillar at 1.60 and Implementation and Impact is the weakest at 0.30. The composite sits below the Southern Africa mean of 1.49 and the Africa mean of 1.33. Desk research in October 2026, which fellows have not verified and which did not inform the scores, found a draft National AI Strategy not yet adopted, a new National Commission for AI, no data protection law and no data protection authority.

P1Strategy & Vision1.60 / 4Emerging

Strategy and Vision carries a fellow-assigned score of 1.60, in the Emerging tier. Desk research in October 2026 found a draft National AI Strategy that was open for public consultation from 4 May to 4 June 2026, with no adoption found as of October 2026 (S1.1, S1.2). The Council of Ministers created a National Commission for AI at its 7th Ordinary Session, reported on 13 March 2026 (S1.3). The consultation included provincial workshops (S1.6). The draft names priority sectors with no sector targets reported (S1.7). No explicit mapping to the African Union Continental AI Strategy was found (S1.5). Budget, roadmap, monitoring and review were not determined because the draft text was not reviewed (S1.4, S1.8, S1.9, S1.10).

See the 10 indicators for Strategy & Vision

P2Governance & Regulation1.10 / 4Emerging

Governance and Regulation carries a fellow-assigned score of 1.10, in the Emerging tier. Desk research in October 2026 found that Mozambique has no data protection law in force, and that a draft Personal Data Protection Bill was in public consultation in November 2025 (G2.2). The research records a confirmed absence of a data protection authority (G2.3, G2.4). The Council of Ministers approved a National Commission for AI, with no enforcement powers reported (G2.5). The African Union status list records signature of the Malabo Convention on 29 June 2018, ratification on 2 December 2019 and deposit on 21 January 2020 (G2.7). No AI-specific bill or law was identified (G2.1). Enforcement actions and extraterritorial provisions were not determined (G2.8, G2.9).

See the 10 indicators for Governance & Regulation

P3Infrastructure & Data1.00 / 4Emerging

Infrastructure and Data carries a fellow-assigned score of 1.00, in the Emerging tier. Desk research in October 2026 found 6 data centre facilities listed by Data Center Map (I3.1) and 3 landing points carrying 4 international cable systems listed by TeleGeography (I3.3). The Southern African Development Community ICT Observatory reports 2025 international bandwidth of 400,000 Mbit/s (I3.4). The research records a confirmed absence of any hyperscaler cloud region (I3.5). A March 2026 study puts the total cost of safe city surveillance by 2025 at US$147m (I3.9). Decree No. 72/2025, in force on 31 March 2026, licenses data centres and cloud services, but no state sovereign cloud initiative was verified (I3.10). Data centre capacity and computing access were not determined (I3.2, I3.6).

See the 10 indicators for Infrastructure & Data

P4Human Capital0.80 / 4Nascent

Human Capital carries a fellow-assigned score of 0.80, in the Nascent tier. Desk research in October 2026 found evidence on 2 of 10 indicators. The CSET Country Activity Tracker records 15 AI scholarly publications for Mozambique in 2024, against 16 in 2023 (H4.4). Translation tools cover Xichangana, Chichewa and Shona, while Emakhuwa, Elomwe, Cisena and Echuwabo are not listed (H4.10). The other eight indicators were not determined. No source was opened on university AI programmes (H4.3) or school computer science (H4.6), and no government-supported AI training programme was identified (H4.7). A United Nations University article of December 2025 discusses AI and informal-sector workers, but no government assessment or labour transition framework was found (H4.8, H4.9).

See the 10 indicators for Human Capital

P5Innovation & Ecosystem0.50 / 4Nascent

Innovation and Ecosystem carries a fellow-assigned score of 0.50, in the Nascent tier. Desk research in October 2026 found no positive evidence on any of the 10 indicators. It records a confirmed absence for standards body AI competency: the national standards body INNOQ exists, but Mozambique is on neither member list of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 (N5.8). The other nine indicators were not determined. Banco de Mocambique has run a fintech sandbox since 2018, and its 6th edition in March 2025 included AI-based financial solutions, but no AI-specific sandbox was identified (N5.4). No count of AI companies could be read (N5.1). No AI safety evaluation facility or risk assessment framework was identified (N5.6, N5.9).

See the 10 indicators for Innovation & Ecosystem

P6Ethics & Inclusion1.00 / 4Emerging

Ethics and Inclusion carries a fellow-assigned score of 1.00, in the Emerging tier. Desk research in October 2026 records a confirmed absence on four indicators: algorithmic impact assessment (E6.1), bias audit requirements (E6.2), transparency obligations (E6.3) and a citizen redress mechanism (E6.4). GIRAI 2026 scores Mozambique 0 on the first three, and no data protection law or authority provides a complaint route. The research found that Mozambique endorsed the New Delhi AI Impact Summit Declaration on 20 February 2026 (E6.7) and that the draft strategy consultations involved civil society organisations, with no formal civil society seat on the Commission found (E6.8). The Commission's membership was not found (E6.6). Judicial remedy and youth participation were not determined (E6.5, E6.10).

See the 10 indicators for Ethics & Inclusion

P7Regional Integration1.00 / 4Emerging

Regional Integration carries a fellow-assigned score of 1.00, in the Emerging tier. Desk research in October 2026 found Mozambique on the official signatory list of the Africa Declaration on Artificial Intelligence, done at Kigali on 4 April 2025, with no national implementation step found (R7.1, R7.2). Mozambique delivered a national statement at the inaugural United Nations Global Dialogue on AI Governance in Geneva on 6 to 7 July 2026 (R7.9). It is among the 87 initial endorsers of the New Delhi declaration (R7.10). No Mozambique-specific participation in Southern African Development Community AI coordination was documented (R7.3). Cross-border agreements, election provisions, a disinformation framework and platform engagement were not determined (R7.4, R7.5, R7.6, R7.8).

See the 10 indicators for Regional Integration

P8Implementation & Impact0.30 / 4Nascent

Implementation and Impact carries a fellow-assigned score of 0.30, in the Nascent tier. Desk research in October 2026 did not determine any of the 10 indicators. Decree 14/2026 of 17 April 2026 requires the National Commission for AI to publish semi-annual reports, and none was located as of October 2026 (M8.5). No AI governance budget was found (M8.1) and no government AI registry was found (M8.4). The draft strategy lists healthcare, agriculture and education as priority sectors, but no AI regulation or guidance was found for any of them (M8.2, M8.6, M8.8). A May 2026 conference paper recommends a Banco de Mocambique notice on AI governance, which implies none exists (M8.7).

See the 10 indicators for Implementation & Impact

Indicator evidence

Evidence by pillar

Desk-research evidence for each indicator, with sources. Where an indicator is marked “Not determined”, the research could not establish a finding. The Index method excludes such indicators from scoring rather than scoring them as absent.

P1 · Weight 15% of composite

Strategy & Vision

1.60 / 4Emerging

Fellow-assigned pillar score. Indicators not scored. Southern Africa mean 2.04 · all 54 states mean 1.76.

10 indicators: 6 evidence found, 0 confirmed absence, 4 not determined.

  1. S1.1

    National AI strategy existence

    Evidence found

    Draft: A draft National AI Strategy was unveiled for public consultation from 4 May to 4 Jun 2026 and presented by INTIC chair Lourino Chemane at the ITU AI for Good workshop (May 2026). The technical component was to be finalised by Jun 2026, then submitted to the Council of Ministers; no adoption found as of Oct 2026.

    Sources itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)techafricanews.com (opens in a new tab)

  2. S1.2

    Strategy adoption date

    Evidence found

    N/A: Not adopted: draft under consultation May-Jun 2026 pending Council of Ministers submission.

    Sources techafricanews.com (opens in a new tab)itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)

  3. S1.3

    Political commitment signals

    Evidence found

    Institutional action: The Council of Ministers created a National Commission for AI (CNIA) at its 7th Ordinary Session (reported 13 Mar 2026) to set ethical principles, guide institutions and assess AI risks. The CNIA is to review the final draft strategy.

    Sources forbesafricalusofona.com (opens in a new tab)techafricanews.com (opens in a new tab)

  4. S1.4

    Dedicated AI budget allocation

    Not determined

    No AI budget information found.

    Sources forbesafricalusofona.com (opens in a new tab)itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)

  5. S1.5

    AU Continental AI Strategy alignment

    Evidence found

    Aware: CNIA creation is framed as aligned with AU Agenda 2063 and SADC guidelines (Mar 2026), and the African Union is listed among supporting institutions for the draft strategy (May 2026). No explicit mapping to the AU Continental AI Strategy found.

    Sources forbesafricalusofona.com (opens in a new tab)techafricanews.com (opens in a new tab)

  6. S1.6

    Multi-stakeholder consultation

    Evidence found

    Formal consultation: Public consultation ran 4 May-4 Jun 2026, with provincial workshops involving government, academia, civil society and private sector.

    Sources itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)techafricanews.com (opens in a new tab)

  7. S1.7

    Sector prioritisation

    Evidence found

    Generic: The draft names priority sectors (education, healthcare, finance, energy, agriculture, climate change, digital public services); no sector targets reported.

    Sources itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)techafricanews.com (opens in a new tab)

  8. S1.8

    Implementation roadmap

    Not determined

    Draft strategy text not reviewed; no roadmap details reported.

    Sources itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)

  9. S1.9

    Monitoring and evaluation framework

    Not determined

    Draft strategy text not reviewed; no M&E details reported.

    Sources itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)

  10. S1.10

    Strategy review mechanism

    Not determined

    Draft strategy text not reviewed; no review mechanism reported.

    Sources itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)

P2 · Weight 15% of composite

Governance & Regulation

1.10 / 4Emerging

Fellow-assigned pillar score. Indicators not scored. Southern Africa mean 1.43 · all 54 states mean 1.32.

10 indicators: 3 evidence found, 2 confirmed absence, 5 not determined.

  1. G2.1

    AI-specific legislation

    Not determined

    Mozambique concluded public consultation on a draft National AI Strategy in June 2026 (bird story agency, 3 July 2026). No AI-specific bill or law was identified; the Bank of Mozambique Governor called for clear AI rules on 16 June 2026.

    Sources qazini.com (opens in a new tab)

  2. G2.2

    Data protection law status

    Evidence found

    Draft: Mozambique has no comprehensive data protection law (dataprotection.africa, January 2026). A draft Personal Data Protection Bill was in public consultation in November 2025, to be followed by technical harmonisation across government (PLMJ, 5 November 2025).

    Sources dataprotection.africa (opens in a new tab)plmj.com (opens in a new tab)

  3. G2.3

    DPA AI mandate

    Confirmed absence

    No DPA: dataprotection.africa (January 2026) records no data protection law and no data protection authority in Mozambique.

    Sources dataprotection.africa (opens in a new tab)

  4. G2.4

    DPA staffing and budget

    Confirmed absence

    Mozambique has no data protection authority (dataprotection.africa, January 2026), so there are no DPA staff or budget figures.

    Sources dataprotection.africa (opens in a new tab)

  5. G2.5

    AI regulatory body existence

    Evidence found

    Established: The Council of Ministers, at its 7th Ordinary Session, approved the creation of a National AI Commission (CNIA) to guide AI development, regulation and responsible use, including ethical principles and risk assessment (reported 13 March 2026). By July 2026 the Commission was tasked with reviewing the final draft AI strategy; no enforcement powers are reported.

    Sources forbesafricalusofona.com (opens in a new tab)qazini.com (opens in a new tab)

  6. G2.6

    Institutional design model

    Not determined

    The CNIA (2026) is a strategic and advisory commission coordinated with INTIC. With no DPA and no AI law, the regulatory model is not yet defined in the sources reviewed.

    Sources forbesafricalusofona.com (opens in a new tab)qazini.com (opens in a new tab)

  7. G2.7

    Malabo Convention ratification

    Evidence found

    Ratified: The AU official status list dated 02/02/2026 records for Mozambique: signature on 29/06/2018, ratification/accession on 02/12/2019 and deposit on 21/01/2020. No evidence of a domestic implementation programme specific to the Convention was assessed, so 'Ratified' rather than 'Implementing' is recorded.

    Sources au.int (opens in a new tab)au.int (2) (opens in a new tab)

  8. G2.8

    Enforcement actions taken

    Not determined

    No AI-related enforcement action (investigation, fine or order concerning AI or automated processing) was located in this desk review (October 2026); absence is not confirmed because DPA decision registers were not accessible.

  9. G2.9

    Extraterritorial provisions

    Not determined

    No data protection law is in force (dataprotection.africa, January 2026), and the territorial scope of the 2025 draft bill was not assessed.

    Sources dataprotection.africa (opens in a new tab)plmj.com (opens in a new tab)

  10. G2.10

    IP framework for AI

    Not determined

    No evidence of a review of intellectual property legislation for AI-generated content was located in this desk review (October 2026); IP-specific searches could not be completed, so absence is not confirmed.

P3 · Weight 15% of composite

Infrastructure & Data

1.00 / 4Emerging

Fellow-assigned pillar score. Indicators not scored. Southern Africa mean 1.77 · all 54 states mean 1.51.

10 indicators: 5 evidence found, 1 confirmed absence, 4 not determined.

  1. I3.1

    Data center count

    Evidence found

    Data Center Map's Africa directory (page undated; accessed 2026-10-06) lists 6 data centre facility(ies) in Mozambique, out of 261 listed across 43 African countries. The directory is self-reported by operators and may include some non-colocation facilities.

    Sources datacentermap.com (opens in a new tab)

  2. I3.2

    Data center capacity (MW)

    Not determined

    No dated, named source publishing total live data centre power capacity (MW) for Mozambique was found. Data Center Map's directory does not report MW, and the ResearchAndMarkets Africa portfolio (Mar 2025) does not disclose country breakdowns in its public release.

    Sources datacentermap.com (opens in a new tab)businesswire.com (opens in a new tab)

  3. I3.3

    Submarine cable landing points

    Evidence found

    TeleGeography Submarine Cable Map data (accessed 2026-10-06) lists 3 landing point(s) in Mozambique served by at least one in-service international cable (Maputo, Nacala, Beira), carrying 4 distinct international cable systems: 2Africa, DARE1, EASSy, SEACOM.

    Sources submarinecablemap.com (opens in a new tab)submarinecablemap.com (2) (opens in a new tab)submarinecablemap.com (3) (opens in a new tab)

  4. I3.4

    International bandwidth (Gbps)

    Evidence found

    SADC ICT Observatory (downloaded 2026-10-06) reports Mozambique's 2025 international internet bandwidth as 400,000 Mbit/s (400 Gbps), the same as lit/equipped capacity and up from 78,503 Mbit/s in 2023-2024.

    Sources ictobservatory.sadc.int (opens in a new tab)ictobservatory.sadc.int (2) (opens in a new tab)

  5. I3.5

    Hyperscaler presence

    Confirmed absence

    None: Official region lists checked on 2026-10-06 show no cloud region, availability zone or local/edge zone in Mozambique: AWS (Africa region Cape Town only; local zones Johannesburg and Nairobi), Azure (South Africa North/West only), Google Cloud (africa-south1 Johannesburg only), Oracle (Johannesburg and Casablanca live; Kenya coming soon) and Alibaba (no African region). Huawei Cloud's African regions are Johannesburg and Cairo (May 2024), but this rests on press coverage because Huawei's own region page could not be machine-read.

    Sources aws.amazon.com (opens in a new tab)aws.amazon.com (2) (opens in a new tab)learn.microsoft.com (opens in a new tab)

  6. I3.6

    GPU/HPC access

    Not determined

    No source documenting GPU or HPC capacity for AI research in Mozambique was opened in this pass. No Mozambique system appears on the TOP500 list (June 2026).

    Sources top500.org (opens in a new tab)

  7. I3.7

    Data localisation provisions

    Not determined

    Mozambique has no data protection law, and cross-border transfers are not specifically addressed (dataprotection.africa, May 2022). DLA Piper Africa (2026) says the new Data Centre Regulation (in force 31 Mar 2026) strengthens national data protection for data centres located abroad and for storage of information classified as State secret, but the exact in-country storage obligation was not verified.

    Sources dataprotection.africa (opens in a new tab)dlapiperafrica.com (opens in a new tab)

  8. I3.8

    Cross-border data flow framework

    Evidence found

    Regional framework: No national law specifically regulates cross-border transfers (dataprotection.africa, updated 23 May 2022). Mozambique has ratified the AU Malabo Convention, whose adequacy and authority-consent rules DLA Piper (accessed 2026-10-06) says apply in principle, though INTIC lacks the powers to authorise transfers.

    Sources dlapiperdataprotection.com (opens in a new tab)dataprotection.africa (opens in a new tab)

  9. I3.9

    Foreign AI surveillance spending

    Evidence found

    IDS/ADRN, Smart City Surveillance in Africa (March 2026), Table 2 puts the total cost of Mozambique's safe city surveillance by 2025 at US$147m (about 450 smart cameras). Its country chapter lists a China-supplied national project (about 140m, 2016) and a Korea-supplied road-safety system (about 7m, 2023/24).

    Sources ids.ac.uk (opens in a new tab)

  10. I3.10

    Sovereign cloud initiatives

    Not determined

    Mozambique's Data Centre Regulation and Cloud Computing Services Regulation (Decree No. 72/2025), published 31 Dec 2025 and in force 31 Mar 2026, set a licensing framework described as strengthening the state's technological sovereignty (PLMJ, 30 Mar 2026; DLA Piper Africa, 2026). No specific state sovereign cloud or government data centre initiative was verified.

    Sources plmj.com (opens in a new tab)dlapiperafrica.com (opens in a new tab)

P4 · Weight 15% of composite

Human Capital

0.80 / 4Nascent

Fellow-assigned pillar score. Indicators not scored. Southern Africa mean 1.40 · all 54 states mean 1.20.

10 indicators: 2 evidence found, 0 confirmed absence, 8 not determined.

  1. H4.1

    AI researchers per million

    Not determined

    No consistent cross-country source of AI-specific researchers per million was found or could be queried for this country as of Oct 2026 (the planned OpenAlex author query was blocked by an API rate limit on 2026-10-06). Context only: UNESCO UIS via World Bank indicator SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6 reports 44.4 total R&D researchers (all fields, FTE) per million people in 2015; this is not an AI-specific figure.

    Sources api.worldbank.org (opens in a new tab)

  2. H4.2

    DPA staff with AI competency

    Not determined

    No published source was found on the number of data protection authority staff with demonstrable AI technical skills as of Oct 2026; DPA annual reports were not located within the research budget of this pass.

  3. H4.3

    University AI programs

    Not determined

    No source counting universities with AI/ML degree programmes was opened for this country in this pass (Oct 2026); a national higher-education programme register or course-page review is needed.

  4. H4.4

    African-authored AI publications

    Evidence found

    CSET Country Activity Tracker (Merged Academic Corpus) via Our World in Data, series 'AI scholarly publications - Field: All', entity Mozambique (MOZ), reference year 2024: 15 publications (2023: 16). Counts articles with at least one author at an institution in the country, English title/abstract only; dataset last updated 27 Apr 2026. OpenAlex could not be used because the API was rate-limited on 2026-10-06.

    Data note: CSET/OWID AI publications 2022–24: 6, 16, 15.

    Sources ourworldindata.org (opens in a new tab)ourworldindata.org (2) (opens in a new tab)

  5. H4.5

    AI patents filed

    Not determined

    No country-level count of AI-related domestic patent filings was retrieved as of Oct 2026. WIPO IP Statistics and national IP office data were not accessible in this pass, and no published AI-patent figure for this country was found.

  6. H4.6

    K-12 CS education

    Not determined

    No authoritative source on the status of K-12 computer science education was opened for this country in this pass (Oct 2026).

  7. H4.7

    AI workforce training programs

    Not determined

    No government-supported AI reskilling or upskilling programme was identified for this country in the sources opened in this pass (Oct 2026).

  8. H4.8

    Labour transition policy

    Not determined

    Mozambique presented a draft National AI Strategy (INTIC) in May 2026, and UNU published an analysis of AI and Mozambique's future of work (Dec 2025). No government labour-transition framework was identified.

    Sources itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)unu.edu (opens in a new tab)

  9. H4.9

    Informal economy AI assessment

    Not determined

    A United Nations University article (Dec 2025) discusses indirect effects of AI on informal-sector workers in Mozambique. It is not a government assessment, and none was found.

    Sources unu.edu (opens in a new tab)

  10. H4.10

    African language NLP coverage

    Evidence found

    Count of domestic non-European languages in Meta NLLB-200/FLORES-200 or Google Translate (Cloud Translation list accessed Oct 2026; Jun 2024 expansion), mapped by the researcher. Supported: Xichangana/Tsonga (NLLB tso_Latn; Google ts), Chichewa/Nyanja (NLLB nya_Latn; Google ny) and Shona/Ndau-related (NLLB sna_Latn; Google sn). Emakhuwa (largest L1), Elomwe, Cisena and Echuwabo are not listed; Swahili (northern minority) is not counted.

    Sources raw.githubusercontent.com (opens in a new tab)cloud.google.com (opens in a new tab)blog.google (opens in a new tab)

P5 · Weight 10% of composite

Innovation & Ecosystem

0.50 / 4Nascent

Fellow-assigned pillar score. Indicators not scored. Southern Africa mean 1.16 · all 54 states mean 1.05.

10 indicators: 0 evidence found, 1 confirmed absence, 9 not determined.

  1. N5.1

    AI companies count

    Not determined

    TechBehemoths AI-services page for this country returned HTTP 403 when opened in Oct 2026 (likely no AI category page), so no count could be read; no alternative consistent directory count was obtained.

    Sources techbehemoths.com (opens in a new tab)

  2. N5.2

    Private AI investment (USD)

    Not determined

    Partech's 2025 report (22 Jan 2026) states that outside the top four markets only Senegal, Morocco and Ghana exceeded US$50M in tech equity, so Mozambique received less than US$50M in 2025; no country figure and no AI-specific investment figure was found.

    Sources partechpartners.com (opens in a new tab)

  3. N5.3

    AI incubators/accelerators

    Not determined

    No AI-focused incubator or accelerator count established from an opened source in this pass (general tech hubs not counted).

  4. N5.4

    Regulatory sandbox (AI)

    Not determined

    Banco de Mocambique has run a fintech regulatory sandbox since 2018; its 6th edition (Mar 2025) included AI-based financial solutions, but the sandbox is fintech, NOT AI-specific. No AI-specific sandbox was identified; the Datasphere Initiative 2025 inventory found AI-specific sandboxes in Africa still nascent.

    Sources openbankproject.com (opens in a new tab)connectingafrica.com (opens in a new tab)thedatasphere.org (opens in a new tab)

  5. N5.5

    Government AI procurement

    Not determined

    No evidence located on government procurement of AI from domestic developers (no AI-specific procurement rule or preference policy found in sources opened).

  6. N5.6

    AI safety evaluation capacity

    Not determined

    No AI safety testing or evaluation facility (academic, government or accredited) identified in sources opened.

  7. N5.7

    ISO/IEC 42001 adoption

    Not determined

    No ISO/IEC 42001 certification of an organisation based in this country and no national adoption of the standard was found (searches Oct 2026); the national standards body is not a member of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42, the committee that publishes ISO/IEC 42001.

    Sources iso.org (opens in a new tab)

  8. N5.8

    Standards body AI competency

    Confirmed absence

    Exists, no AI focus: National standards body INNOQ (ISO correspondent member) exists, but Mozambique is absent from both the participating and observing member lists of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 (Artificial intelligence) as of Oct 2026, so there is no AI committee participation; no national AI committee was found.

    Sources iso.org (opens in a new tab)en.wikipedia.org (opens in a new tab)

  9. N5.9

    AI risk assessment frameworks

    Not determined

    No sector-specific or cross-sector AI risk assessment framework identified in sources opened.

  10. N5.10

    University-industry AI partnerships

    Not determined

    No formal university-industry AI research partnership identified in sources opened.

P6 · Weight 10% of composite

Ethics & Inclusion

1.00 / 4Emerging

Fellow-assigned pillar score. Indicators not scored. Southern Africa mean 1.48 · all 54 states mean 1.26.

10 indicators: 2 evidence found, 4 confirmed absence, 4 not determined.

  1. E6.1

    Algorithmic impact assessment

    Confirmed absence

    None: GIRAI 2026 records no framework or initiative on AI impact assessments for Mozambique (score 0), and dataprotection.africa (Jan 2026) confirms there is no data protection law, so no DPIA duty exists. No national AI policy has been adopted as of Oct 2026.

    Sources global-index.ai (opens in a new tab)dataprotection.africa (opens in a new tab)

  2. E6.2

    Bias audit requirements

    Confirmed absence

    None: GIRAI 2026 records no framework or initiative on fairness and non-discrimination for Mozambique (indicator score 0), and no AI-specific law requiring bias audits was found as of Oct 2026.

    Sources global-index.ai (opens in a new tab)

  3. E6.3

    Transparency obligations

    Confirmed absence

    None: GIRAI 2026 records no transparency and explainability framework or initiative for Mozambique (score 0), and dataprotection.africa (Jan 2026) confirms there is no data protection law providing automated-decision safeguards.

    Sources global-index.ai (opens in a new tab)dataprotection.africa (opens in a new tab)

  4. E6.4

    Citizen redress mechanism

    Confirmed absence

    No mechanism: dataprotection.africa (updated 28 Jan 2026) records no comprehensive data protection law and no data protection authority in Mozambique; DLA Piper (Feb 2026) describes only sectoral rules. No right against automated decisions or complaint route therefore exists as of Oct 2026, pending a draft Personal Data Protection Bill.

    Sources dataprotection.africa (opens in a new tab)dlapiperdataprotection.com (opens in a new tab)

  5. E6.5

    Judicial AI remedy

    Not determined

    No court case on algorithms, AI or solely automated decisions was found for Mozambique in sources opened as of Oct 2026 (data protection trackers, GIRAI 2026 access-to-redress indicator); ordinary courts have general jurisdiction, but the absence of precedent is not confirmed by an authoritative source.

    Sources dataprotection.africa (opens in a new tab)global-index.ai (opens in a new tab)

  6. E6.6

    AI advisory body diversity

    Not determined

    The Council of Ministers approved creation of a National AI Commission (CNIA) to guide AI development, regulation and responsible use (Forbes Africa Lusofona, 13 Mar 2026), tasked with reviewing the final draft strategy (Qazini). Its membership and gender composition were not found.

    Sources forbesafricalusofona.com (opens in a new tab)qazini.com (opens in a new tab)

  7. E6.7

    Global AI governance participation

    Evidence found

    Active member: Mozambique endorsed the New Delhi AI Impact Summit Declaration (20 Feb 2026) and is one of nine countries in a UNESCO-supported RAM project run by the Global Center on AI Governance. It is not on the Paris statement (Feb 2025) or the GPAI member list as of Oct 2026.

    Sources digitalpolicyalert.org (opens in a new tab)globalcenter.ai (opens in a new tab)elysee.fr (opens in a new tab)

  8. E6.8

    Civil society AI engagement

    Evidence found

    Ad hoc consultation: The draft National AI Strategy underwent consultations involving government agencies, academia, civil society organisations and the private sector before submission to the Council of Ministers (Qazini, 2026); GIRAI 2026 scores government mechanisms for CSO inclusion at 0. No formal civil society seat on the National AI Commission (CNIA) was found.

    Sources qazini.com (opens in a new tab)global-index.ai (opens in a new tab)

  9. E6.9

    African ethical framework reference

    Not determined

    No reference to Ubuntu or African ethical principles was found in AI governance material for Mozambique opened as of Oct 2026; no adopted national AI document was searched in full, so absence is not confirmed.

    Sources global-index.ai (opens in a new tab)

  10. E6.10

    Youth participation

    Not determined

    No formal youth participation mechanism in AI governance was found for Mozambique in sources opened as of Oct 2026; absence is not confirmed.

    Sources global-index.ai (opens in a new tab)

P7 · Weight 10% of composite

Regional Integration

1.00 / 4Emerging

Fellow-assigned pillar score. Indicators not scored. Southern Africa mean 1.62 · all 54 states mean 1.55.

10 indicators: 4 evidence found, 0 confirmed absence, 6 not determined.

  1. R7.1

    AU AI Strategy alignment

    Evidence found

    Awareness: Mozambique is a signatory of the Africa Declaration on AI (Kigali, 4 April 2025), which in clause 3.6.1 commits signatories to support national AI policies and governance frameworks aligned with the AU Continental AI Strategy; no country-specific formal alignment process was found in sources opened as of Oct 2026.

    Sources c4ir.rw (opens in a new tab)

  2. R7.2

    Kigali Declaration endorsement

    Evidence found

    Endorsed: Mozambique appears on the official signatory list of the Africa Declaration on Artificial Intelligence, done at Kigali on 4 April 2025 (C4IR Rwanda PDF created 5 April 2025; list of AU, Smart Africa and 52 states). No evidence of a national implementation step specifically citing the Declaration was found as of Oct 2026.

    Sources c4ir.rw (opens in a new tab)aiexpoafrica.com (opens in a new tab)

  3. R7.3

    REC AI governance coordination

    Not determined

    Mozambique is a member of SADC (founding 1980). SADC ministers (Bulawayo, 22-26 June 2026) discussed responsible AI adoption in infrastructure and the SADC Secretariat is developing a Regional AI Strategy and Regulatory Framework, but no Mozambique-specific participation in REC AI coordination was documented in sources opened.

    Sources en.wikipedia.org (opens in a new tab)sadc.int (opens in a new tab)itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)

  4. R7.4

    Cross-border AI agreements

    Not determined

    No bilateral or multilateral AI governance cooperation agreement involving Mozambique was found in sources opened as of Oct 2026; non-binding declarations (Kigali 2025 and, where applicable, Paris 2025 or New Delhi 2026) are recorded under R7.2 and R7.10.

  5. R7.5

    Election integrity AI provisions

    Not determined

    No legal or institutional provision addressing AI in elections was found for Mozambique in sources opened as of Oct 2026.

  6. R7.6

    Disinformation response framework

    Not determined

    No government framework for responding to AI-generated disinformation was found for Mozambique in sources opened as of Oct 2026.

  7. R7.7

    AI election incidents documented

    Not determined

    No documented AI-related election interference incident was found for Mozambique in sources opened (search coverage incomplete); count not determined as of Oct 2026.

  8. R7.8

    Platform content moderation

    Not determined

    No government engagement with platforms on AI content moderation was found for Mozambique in sources opened as of Oct 2026.

  9. R7.9

    Geneva Dialogue participation

    Evidence found

    Active contributor: Mozambique delivered a national statement at the inaugural UN Global Dialogue on AI Governance (Geneva, 6-7 July 2026), per the UN list of statements from Member States and Observers.

    Sources un.org (opens in a new tab)un.org (2) (opens in a new tab)

  10. R7.10

    G20/multilateral AI engagement

    Evidence found

    Active participant: Mozambique is among the 87 initial endorsers of the New Delhi AI Impact Summit Declaration (20 Feb 2026).

    Sources digitalpolicyalert.org (opens in a new tab)

P8 · Weight 10% of composite

Implementation & Impact

0.30 / 4Nascent

Fellow-assigned pillar score. Indicators not scored. Southern Africa mean 0.70 · all 54 states mean 0.78.

10 indicators: 0 evidence found, 0 confirmed absence, 10 not determined.

  1. M8.1

    AI governance budget disbursed

    Not determined

    No AI governance budget was found. Decree 14/2026 (17 Apr 2026) created the National Commission for AI (CNIA), and the draft National AI Strategy was under consultation until 4 Jun 2026; neither report discloses a budget.

    Sources lexafrica.com (opens in a new tab)itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)

  2. M8.2

    Health AI regulation

    Not determined

    The draft AI strategy (May 2026) lists healthcare as a priority sector, but no health AI regulation was found.

    Sources itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)lexafrica.com (opens in a new tab)

  3. M8.3

    Health AI devices approved

    Not determined

    No data was found on approved AI health devices.

  4. M8.4

    Government AI system registry

    Not determined

    No government AI registry was found. CNIA must publish reports and opinions on a publicly accessible digital platform (Decree 14/2026).

    Sources lexafrica.com (opens in a new tab)

  5. M8.5

    AI governance M&E reports

    Not determined

    Decree 14/2026 (17 Apr 2026) requires CNIA to publish semi-annual reports, but none was located as of Oct 2026. The first would fall due around late 2026.

    Sources lexafrica.com (opens in a new tab)

  6. M8.6

    Agriculture AI governance

    Not determined

    Agriculture is a priority sector of the draft strategy (May 2026), but no agriculture AI provisions were found.

    Sources itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)

  7. M8.7

    Financial services AI governance

    Not determined

    A paper at Banco de Mocambique's XVII Scientific Conferences (May 2026) recommends issuing a BM Notice on AI governance, explainability and auditability. This implies no such notice exists; the paper disclaims any official BM position.

    Sources bancomoc.mz (opens in a new tab)

  8. M8.8

    Education AI governance

    Not determined

    Education is a priority sector of the draft strategy (May 2026), but no education-ministry AI guidance was found.

    Sources itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)

  9. M8.9

    Measurable governance outcomes

    Not determined

    No documented protective outcome was found; Cybersecurity and Cybercrime laws were recently approved (May 2026).

    Sources itweb.africa (opens in a new tab)

  10. M8.10

    WHO AI health guidance adoption

    Not determined

    No country-specific adoption was found. WHO AFRO AI-for-health ethics workshops (2021, 47 countries; July 2023) do not list participants.

    Sources afro.who.int (opens in a new tab)

Method

What is the Africa AI Governance Index?

The Africa AI Governance Index 2026 assesses 8 pillars of national AI governance. Each pillar is examined through 10 indicators. The Index is diagnostic. It measures formal governance instruments, not capability. Composite differences under about 0.1 are not meaningful.

Indicator score key

Indicator score key, 0 to 4
ScoreDefinition
0 No evidenceNo policy, institution, or activity. Confirmed absence.
1 NascentInitial discussion, concept note, informal working group.
2 DevelopingDraft policy, institution forming, pilot, or formal consultation.
3 EstablishedAdopted policy or operational institution; limited enforcement.
4 AdvancedFully operational with enforcement and measurable outcomes.

Maturity tiers

Applied to pillar and composite means.

Maturity tiers by score range
TierMean score
NascentBelow 1.00
Emerging1.00 to 1.99
Developing2.00 to 2.99
Established3.00 and above

How scores are built

A pillar score is the mean of the scored indicators in that pillar. Confirmed absence scores 0. An indicator where nothing could be determined is excluded from the pillar mean and reported as not scored. A score with no supporting evidence is excluded.

The composite is 15% of each of pillars P1 to P4 plus 10% of each of pillars P5 to P8, on a scale of 0 to 4. In other words, P1, P2, P3, P4 carry 15% each and P5, P6, P7, P8 carry 10% each.

Source: Africa AI Governance Index 2026 Final Dataset, 54 countries, built 6 October 2026. Lawyers Hub, Africa AI Policy Lab. Version 1.2, 7 October 2026.

Suggested citation

Lawyers Hub, Africa AI Policy Lab (2026). Country Profile on AI Governance: Mozambique. Africa AI Governance Index 2026, version 1.2, 7 October 2026. https://www.aipolicy.africa/country-profiles/mozambique