Madagascar scores 0.63 out of 4 on the composite, which places it in the Nascent tier at rank 47 of 54. The profile carries a score on 78 of 80 indicators. Infrastructure and Data is the strongest pillar at 1.11 and Implementation and Impact is the weakest at 0.00. The composite is below the East Africa mean of 1.30 and the Africa mean of 1.33. Seven of the eight pillars sit in the Nascent tier. The evidence shows a data protection law and Malabo Convention ratification at the maximum score of 4, set against a score of 0 for a national artificial intelligence strategy and for all 10 implementation indicators.
P1Strategy & Vision0.60 / 4Nascent
Strategy and Vision scores 0.60 (Nascent), with all 10 indicators scored. The two highest scores are 2 each, for alignment with the African Union Continental AI Strategy (S1.5) and for sector prioritisation (S1.7). The profile cites a United Nations Development Programme report on Madagascar for both and gives no further detail. Political commitment signals (S1.3) and a dedicated budget allocation (S1.4) score 1 each. The existence of a national strategy scores 0 (S1.1), as does its adoption date (S1.2). Multi-stakeholder consultation, an implementation roadmap, a monitoring and evaluation framework and a review mechanism all score 0, with no verified evidence found (S1.6, S1.8, S1.9, S1.10).
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P2Governance & Regulation0.80 / 4Nascent
Governance and Regulation scores 0.80 (Nascent), with all 10 indicators scored. Two indicators carry the maximum score of 4. The first is data protection law status (G2.2), for which the profile cites the DLA Piper data protection page for Madagascar. The second is Malabo Convention ratification (G2.7), for which it cites the African Union status list for the Convention. The evidence gives links only and records no law title or date. The other 8 indicators score 0: legislation specific to artificial intelligence (G2.1), a mandate for the data protection authority (G2.3), authority staffing and budget (G2.4), a regulatory body (G2.5), an institutional design model (G2.6), enforcement actions (G2.8), extraterritorial provisions (G2.9) and an intellectual property framework (G2.10).
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P3Infrastructure & Data1.11 / 4Emerging
Infrastructure and Data scores 1.11 (Emerging), with 9 of 10 indicators scored. Data centre count scores 3 (I3.1) and data centre capacity scores 2 (I3.2), both on the basis of a data centre market brief for Madagascar. Submarine cable landing points score 3, on a count of 5 cable systems (I3.3). International bandwidth scores 2, with the International Telecommunication Union DataHub cited (I3.4). Hyperscaler presence, computing access, data localisation provisions, a cross-border data flow framework and sovereign cloud initiatives all score 0 (I3.5, I3.6, I3.7, I3.8, I3.10). Foreign surveillance spending is a context flag and is not scored (I3.9). The link cited refers to a EUR 5m Predator spyware contract, which is not stated as AI-enabled.
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P4Human Capital0.80 / 4Nascent
Human Capital scores 0.80 (Nascent), with all 10 indicators scored. African language coverage in language technology scores 3, with a journal article cited (H4.10). Workforce training programmes score 2, on the basis of an Ecofin Agency report that Madagascar aims to train thousands of youth in digital skills by 2028 (H4.7). University programmes (H4.3) and school computer science education (H4.6) score 1 each. Publications score 1, on 11.3 papers a year across 31.96m people, or 0.35 per million (H4.4). Five indicators score 0: researchers per million (H4.1), data protection authority staff with AI competency (H4.2), patents filed (H4.5), a labour transition policy (H4.8) and an informal economy assessment (H4.9).
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P5Innovation & Ecosystem0.30 / 4Nascent
Innovation and Ecosystem scores 0.30 (Nascent), with all 10 indicators scored. Incubators and accelerators score 2, and the profile names UniPod, Habaka and Orange Digital Centre (N5.3). ISO/IEC 42001 adoption scores 1, with a certification provider's page cited (N5.7). The other 8 indicators score 0: a company count (N5.1), private investment (N5.2), a regulatory sandbox (N5.4), government procurement (N5.5), safety evaluation capacity (N5.6), standards body competency (N5.8), risk assessment frameworks (N5.9) and university-industry partnerships (N5.10). For the last of these the evidence lists UniPod, MESUPRES, a proposed International Institute of Applied Artificial Intelligence and AI for Public Health research, and the score is 0.
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P6Ethics & Inclusion0.44 / 4Nascent
Ethics and Inclusion scores 0.44 (Nascent), with 9 of 10 indicators scored. Global governance participation scores 3, with a concept note from the United Nations Global Dialogue on AI Governance cited (E6.7). A citizen redress mechanism scores 1 (E6.4). Seven indicators score 0: algorithmic impact assessment (E6.1), bias audit requirements (E6.2), transparency obligations (E6.3), advisory body diversity (E6.6), civil society engagement (E6.8), reference to an African ethical framework (E6.9) and youth participation (E6.10). A judicial remedy is not scored and is excluded from the pillar mean (E6.5). The fellow scored it 1, but the evidence reads 'No verified evidence found', and every score must rest on evidence.
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P7Regional Integration0.60 / 4Nascent
Regional Integration scores 0.60 (Nascent), with all 10 indicators scored. Kigali Declaration endorsement scores 3: Madagascar is a signatory of the Africa Declaration on AI, done at Kigali on 4 April 2025 (R7.2). Regional coordination scores 2 (R7.3), and multilateral engagement scores 1, with an article on Madagascar joining BRICS cited (R7.10). African Union strategy alignment (R7.1), cross-border agreements (R7.4), election integrity provisions (R7.5), a disinformation response framework (R7.6), platform content moderation (R7.8) and Geneva Dialogue participation (R7.9) score 0. The score of 0 for election incidents is retained and under second-edition review, because the evidence cited says nothing about Madagascar (R7.7). Madagascar held a presidential election on 16 November 2023 and a parliamentary election on 29 May 2024.
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P8Implementation & Impact0.00 / 4Nascent
Implementation and Impact scores 0.00 (Nascent), with all 10 indicators scored and every one at 0. No verified evidence was found of a disbursed governance budget (M8.1). The profile records no health regulation for artificial intelligence (M8.2), no approved health devices (M8.3), no government system registry (M8.4) and no monitoring and evaluation reports (M8.5). Sector governance scores 0 in agriculture (M8.6), financial services (M8.7) and education (M8.8). Measurable governance outcomes score 0 (M8.9), as does adoption of World Health Organization guidance on artificial intelligence for health (M8.10). The evidence for these rows names country profiles and trackers by title and gives no further detail.
See the 10 indicators for Implementation & Impact